Africa’s Endangered Animals – Gwarren, Switzerland, 25 March 2021 () – Following decades of population decline due to ivory poaching and habitat loss, the African forest elephant (
) as Endangered on the Red List of Threatened Species™. Before today’s update, African elephants were treated as a single species, listed as Vulnerable; this is the first time the two species have been assessed separately for the Red List, after new genetic evidence came to light.
Africa’s Endangered Animals
) listed on the Red List as critically endangered. The species is found in the rainforests of Central Africa and a variety of habitats in West Africa.
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“African elephants play a key role in ecosystems, economies and our collective imagination around the world. Today’s new Red List assessments of both African elephant species highlight the ongoing pressures facing these iconic animals.
“We must put an end to poaching as a matter of urgency and ensure that enough suitable habitat is preserved for forest and Savannah elephants. Several countries in Africa have led the way in recent years, showing that we can reverse the decline of elephants and we must work together to ensure that their example can be followed.”
The latest assessments show a widespread decline in African elephant numbers across the continent. The number of African forest elephants has declined by more than 86 percent over a 31-year period, while the population of African savannah elephants has declined by at least 60 percent over the past 50 years, according to assessments.
Both species have declined sharply since 2008 due to a significant increase in over-treading, which peaked in 2011, but continues to threaten populations. The continued conversion of their habitats, mainly to agriculture and other land uses, is another significant threat. The 2016 State of the African Elephant Report provides the most recent reliable continental population estimate of the two species combined, at approximately 415,000 elephants.
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Despite the overall decline in both African elephant species, the assessments also highlight the impact of successful conservation efforts. Anti-trampling measures on site, together with more supportive legislation and land use planning with the aim of fostering coexistence between man’s life and wildlife, have been key to successful elephant conservation. As a result, some forest elephants have stabilized in well-managed conservation areas in Gabon and the Republic of Congo. Savannah elephant numbers have also been stable or increasing for decades, particularly in the Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area, which is home to the largest subpopulation of this species on the continent.
“While the assessment results place the mainland population of Savannah elephants in the threatened category, it is important to note that some subpopulations are thriving at the site level. For this reason, considerable local knowledge and care is required when translating these results into policy,
” said Dr Dave Balfour, African elephant assessor and member of the Species Survival Commission (SSC) African Elephant Specialist Group.
The decision to treat African forest and savannah elephants as a separate species is the result of an emerging consensus among experts following new research into the genetics of elephant populations. Forest elephants are found in the rainforests of Central Africa and a variety of habitats in West Africa. They rarely overlap with the range of the savannah elephant, which prefers open countryside and is found in a variety of habitats in sub-Saharan Africa, including grasslands and deserts. The forest elephant, which has a more restricted natural distribution, is thought to occupy only a quarter of its historic range today, with the largest remaining populations to be found in Gabon and the Republic of Congo.
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For these assessments, a team of six assessors used data from the 1960s and a fully data-driven modeling approach to reinforce the decades-long efforts of many survey teams for the first time. The results quantify the dramatic extent of the decline in these ecologically important animals.
With the continued demand for ivory and increasing human pressure on African wildlands, concern for African elephants is high, and the need to creatively and wisely protect these animals and their habitats is more acute than ever.
” said Dr Kathleen Gobush, Senior African Elephant Evaluator and member of the SSC African Elephant Specialist Group.
We are proud to have supported almost 30% of the 6,218 assessments in this update, including assessments of under-represented species such as trees, fungi and invertebrates,
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Red List species, making it an increasingly powerful tool for guiding conservation in this important year for the Post 2020 Biodiversity Framework.
— the first global conservation assessment of all known tree species in the world, to be released later this year — will provide a road map for protecting the tree species and ecosystems in which elephants and elephant-like species live depends on them,
Regularly reassessing the status of a species on the Red List helps to highlight worrying trends, such as what is happening to elephants in Africa. The health of our planet depends on the health of elephants and the ecosystems they live in, which is why Global Wildlife Conservation is supporting the Elephant Emergency Fund to raise money for groups in Africa working to save, restore and management of elephant populations.
Few species inspire the sense of awe that African elephants command. This latest assessment shows us that even the most charismatic species need our robust protection.”
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“The successful conservation efforts that have taken place so far give us hope, but only a coordinated effort to bring together data, policy and local knowledge will help solve the fundamental problem at hand – the mass extinction of our precious biodiversity planet.
) enters the Red List as endangered. As we saw in headlines around the world last year, Australia’s bushfire season caused massive damage, and since then scientists have been hard at work assessing the long-term impact bushfires have had on wildlife. Unfortunately, with a limited distribution and an increased risk of fire and drought, this acacia, which grows in the Australian state of New South Wales, is now in great danger of disappearing. The good news is that we have stored acacia seeds in Kew’s Millennium Seed Bank for long term safekeeping and these seeds can also be used for fire recovery if required,
These two Red List assessments reflect the outcome of the SSC African Elephant Specialist Group, which made a bold, collaborative, evidence-based decision to assess the African elephant as two separate species for the first time and to understand the implications and consequences’ this change. . The result is robust assessments that give users options to focus conservation efforts appropriately on the critically endangered forest elephant and the endangered savannah elephant. It will be essential for the SSC to engage with African states in the area and other agencies to address the implications of the assessments,
The recent decision to list African elephant species as threatened (the African forest elephant as Critically Endangered and the African Savannah elephant as Endangered) will help strengthen international efforts to control poaching and provide guidance in looking at geographic trends in threat intensity. It will also support those countries and regions that have implemented successful conservation efforts through knowledge and local initiatives so that a continental recovery plan can succeed,
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” said Dr. Thomas E. Lacher, Jr., Texas A&M University Red List Committee and Red List Partner.
Conservation efforts to protect Savannah elephants have seen many populations begin to recover, but unfortunately the same is not true of forest elephants, which remain under intense pressure from habitat loss and poaching. In Cameroon’s Dja Biosphere Reserve, for example, ZSL’s work with the Ministry of Forests and Wildlife (MINFOF) suggests a 70% reduction in numbers since 1995, with only 220 animals remaining.
The recovery of these populations is essential for forests, but requires the commitment of communities, companies and the government to work together to ensure success.
The forest elephant and the savannah elephant are already listed as two separate species in Appendix II of the Convention on Migratory Species. We welcome the recognition of two different species of African elephant and hope that this will lead to more conservation action for both species. In particular, the forest elephant has suffered a dramatic decline in recent decades,
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” said Amy Fraenkel, Executive Secretary of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS).
Support the development of an ambitious post-2020 global biodiversity framework. The Red List of Threatened SpeciesTM and the Red List Index will be used to track progress towards species conservation goals.
– Toyota Partnership: The five-year partnership between Toyota Motor Corporation announced in May 2016 has significantly increased knowledge about the risk of extinction of more than 28,000 species, including many that are key food sources for a significant proportion of the global population. . This partnership is driven by the Toyota 2050 Environmental Challenge, which aims to reduce to zero the negative impacts associated with motor vehicles while having a positive impact on society.
Lower Risk/Protection Dependent = 176 (this is an old category being phased out from the Red List)
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The figures shown above are for those species that have been evaluated for The
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